verb, however, which has the Lord as its subject and is in the Hebrew perfect tense, is properly rendered as past action. NRSV expresses this in its translation, “I have given to you.” NIV and CEV (and reflected in the Greek version), on the other hand, express the verb as an English future: “I will give to you.” The choice of the future tense in these translations overlooks both the grammatical significance of the Hebrew perfect and the theological concern it carries. Namely, although the battle